Blocks and hashes
A block contains transaction summaries and the hash of the previous block. A hash acts like a fingerprint, changing greatly when input changes.
Node validation
Nodes store and validate ledger copies by checking signatures, balances, and protocol rules. They propagate valid blocks and converge on a shared history.
Consensus choices
Proof of work, proof of stake, and other methods have different costs and security assumptions. “Decentralized” alone does not show whether a system fits a task.
Data boundaries
On-chain data is often public and hard to remove, while wrong data can remain permanently. Scalability, privacy, fees, and energy use need separate evaluation.
参考来源
Sources are checked by the editorial team at publication.